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51.
Min Soo Byun Song E. Kim Jinsick Park Dahyun Yi Young Min Choe Bo Kyung Sohn Hyo Jung Choi Hyewon Baek Ji Young Han Jong Inn Woo Dong Young Lee Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
We aimed to identify and characterize subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibiting different patterns of regional brain atrophy on MRI using age- and gender-specific norms of regional brain volumes. AD subjects included in the Alzheimer''s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study were classified into subtypes based on standardized values (Z-scores) of hippocampal and regional cortical volumes on MRI with reference to age- and gender-specific norms obtained from 222 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Baseline and longitudinal changes of clinical characteristics over 2 years were compared across subtypes. Whole-brain-level gray matter (GM) atrophy pattern using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of the subtypes were also investigated. Of 163 AD subjects, 58.9% were classified as the “both impaired” subtype with the typical hippocampal and cortical atrophy pattern, whereas 41.1% were classified as the subtypes with atypical atrophy patterns: “hippocampal atrophy only” (19.0%), “cortical atrophy only” (11.7%), and “both spared” (10.4%). Voxel-based morphometric analysis demonstrated whole-brain-level differences in overall GM atrophy across the subtypes. These subtypes showed different progression rates over 2 years; and all subtypes had significantly lower CSF amyloid-β1–42 levels compared to CN. In conclusion, we identified four AD subtypes exhibiting heterogeneous atrophy patterns on MRI with different progression rates after controlling the effects of aging and gender on atrophy with normative information. CSF biomarker analysis suggests the presence of Aβ neuropathology irrespective of subtypes. Such heterogeneity of MRI-based neuronal injury biomarker and related heterogeneous progression patterns should be considered in clinical trials and practice with AD patients. 相似文献
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53.
Nucleotide sequences of the small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA were determined forPelvetia babingtonii, P. canaliculate, Pelvetiopsis limitata, andAscophyllum nodosum in the family Fucaceae. A total of 1755 positions were aligned for the whole sequence. The positional differences in the
primary structure among the taxa ranged from 16 to 30 nucleotide changes in pairwise comparisons. There was a minimum divergence
betweenPs. limitata andP. babingtonii while a maximum betweenPs. limitata andP. canaliculata. The SSU rDNA trees showed that the genusPelvetia was not monophyletic and the genusPelvetiopsis was not closely related toPelvetia. Our results suggest that the taxonomic revision of the genusPelvetia as well as the family Fucaceae is needed based on detailed morphological observations. 相似文献
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57.
Y. Jiang 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1994,1201(1):76-84
Proteolysis of the hydroxylase component of soluble methane monooxygenase (MMO) with trypsin yielded a protein which retained 50% activity in a standard MMO assay. In an H2O2-driven assay, in which H2O2 replaced two of the protein components, NADH and O2 used in the standard assay, the proteolysed hydroxylase retained full activity for ethane, propane and propene, but had a 2–3 fold increase with methane as substrate. Several crosslinking reagents have been tested for their ability to stabilise the proteolysed form of the hydroxylase. Using polyoxyethylene bis(imidazolyl carbonyl) (Mr 3350) as the crosslinking agent, increased thermostability of the hydroxylase was observed. Activated methoxypolyethylene glycol (Mr 5000) was used to modify the hydroxylase which was now soluble in organic solvents as well as water and could be activated by H2O2. The glycol-modified hydroxylase functioned well in organic solvents in the catalysis of propene oxidation. 相似文献
58.
Trehalose, the insect blood sugar, was found to inhibit diacylglycerol uptake by lipophorin from the fat body in vitro. Trehalose inhibited diacylglycerol uptake by about 40%-50% at various physiological concentrations. This suggests that trehalose may play a dual role in the hemolymph, i.e. serving as the insect's fuel and as a regulator in lipid transport. 相似文献
59.
Presence in invertebrate genomes of sequences characterized by the repetition of the triplet CCPurine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N Bakalara J Collet R Planells Y Thouveny M Fontes 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1990,166(1):66-73
In Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), polypeptidic domains have been found in different morphogenetic genes. Two types of them are characterized by the repetition of nucleotidic triplets: the M repeat (CAX) and the paired repeat (CAXCCX). In this paper we described a third type of repeat isolated from the genome of a Polychaete annelid: Owenia fusiformis. This repeat is characterized by the repetition of the triplet CCPurine. Phylogenetic studies showed the presence of this repeat in all the invertebrate genomes tested (eight copies in Dm genome) while we failed to detect it in vertebrate genomes. 相似文献
60.
Glutamate transiently stimulated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and caused an inositol trisphosphate formation and an increase in levels of Ca+ in the cytosol. The rank order of potency of glutamate> N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) > KAINATE = quisqualate is characteristic of an interaction with NMDA receptors. The effect of glutamate on inositol trisphosphate formation disappeared in a low Mg2+ buffer and was not blocked by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, an antagonist for NMDA receptors coupled to ion channels. Although glutamate failed to stimulate noradrenaline secretion, glutamate enhanced the effect of bradykinin, but not of Ca ionophore A23187, or KC1. These results suggest the existence of metabotropic glutamate receptors, different from previously reported receptors, in PC12 cells. 相似文献